
The transistor is our most important example of an "active" component, a device that can amplify, producing an output signal with more power in it than the input signal. The additional power comes from an external source of power (the power supply, to be exact). Note that voltage amplification isn't what matters, since, for example, a step-up transformer, a "passive" component just like a resistor or capacitor, has voltage gain but no power gain. Devices with power gain are distinguishable by their ability to make oscillators, by feeding some output signal back into the input.
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